Рубцовые алопеции: классификация, клинико-морфологические особенности, диагностика и лечение (обзор литературы)
До 8% дерматологических пациентов обращаются к врачам по поводу выпадения волос. Из причин, вызывающих выпадение волос, рубцовая алопеция (РА) представляет собой сложную диагностическую и терапевтическую проблему. РА включает группу заболеваний, при которых общим конечным итогом является разрушение волосяного фолликула, который замещается соединительной тканью. Необратимость выпадения волос и связанные с этим неблагоприятные косметические последствия РА требуют особого внимания к их своевременной диагностике. Различают первичные и вторичные РА. Первичные РА характеризуются фолликулоцентрическим воспалительным процессом, который приводит к разрушению волосяного фолликула, при вторичных РА волосяной фолликул поражается опосредованно вместе с другими структурами кожи. На долю первичных РА, которые представляют наибольшую трудность в диагностическом и терапевтическом планах, приходится 3–7%. Диагностика заболевания, вызвавшего первичную РА, основывается на тщательном сборе анамнеза пациента, клиническом обследовании, дерматоскопических (трихоскопических) данных и результатах биопсии кожи волосистой части головы, что является необходимым условием для назначения соответствующей терапии. В статье представлены данные литературы, посвященные вопросам классификации, диагностики и лечения различных видов РА.Раводин Р.А., Круглова Л.С., Денисова Е.А.
Ключевые слова
рубцовые алопеции
первичные рубцовые алопеции
вторичные рубцовые алопеции
трихоскопия
биопсия
лечение
трансплантация волос
Список литературы
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Об авторах / Для корреспонденции
Автор для связи: Лариса Сергеевна Круглова, д.м.н., профессор, зав. кафедрой дерматовенерологии и косметологии, Центральная государственная медицинская академия УДП РФ, Москва, Россия; kruglovals@mail.ru
ORCID:
Р.А. Раводин (R.A. Ravodin), https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0737-0317
Е.А. Денисова (E.A. Denisova), https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4414-0417
Л.С. Круглова (L.S. Kruglova), https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5044-5265
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